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Bitunix分析师:CPI给市场喘息空间,但高赤字、日元与能源风险仍推高长期资金成本

火星财经消息,8 月 13 日,美国 7 月 CPI 月增 0.1%、年增 3.4%,核心 CPI 年增 2.5%,整体通胀表现温和,能源价格下滑也抵消了部分住房成本的上行压力。数据公布后,市场对美联储 9 月加息的定价由约五成降至四成左右,短期政策压力有所缓解。 但这份 CPI 并不足以直接转化为宽松预期。美国财政赤字仍在扩大,前 10 个月累计赤字接近 1.8 万亿美元,国债规模逼近 40 万亿美元,利息支出也持续增加。在此背景下,美国需要持续发行大量国债,而 10 年期美债此次拍卖收益率升至 2007 年以来高位,30 年期收益率更逼近 5.25%,反映长端资金成本受到财政供给、通胀黏性与市场风险溢价共同推动。 因此,目前美国利率市场的关键已不只是美联储 9 月是否加息,而是即使美联储维持利率不变,长端收益率是否仍会因财政赤字与国债供给持续走高。这也意味着金融条件未必会随着政策利率下降而同步改善,对于高估值、高杠杆资产而言,长端收益率仍是重要压力来源。 亚洲方面,日元再次接近 160 关口,日本 7 月 PPI 同比增长 7.2%,使日本央行 9 月加息预期升温。若日本货币政策进一步正常化,加上日美利差收窄,全球资金配置与日元套利交易都可能受到影响。 黄金则受益于加息尾部风险下降、美元走弱及财政不确定性重新获得支撑,但目前更接近由利率预期驱动的战术性反弹,而非单纯的降息交易。后续杰克逊霍尔会议、通胀与就业数据仍将决定黄金行情能否延续。 另一方面,俄乌冲突正将能源与粮食供应风险重新带回全球市场。俄罗斯与乌克兰近期持续攻击黑海港口、能源设施及商船,乌克兰正值粮食出口旺季,若黑海航运受到进一步干扰,可能推升小麦及相关食品价格,也使原本已经存在的能源通胀风险更加复杂。 整体而言,7 月 CPI 降低了美联储立即加息的压力,但并未消除美国高赤字、高债务与高长端收益率所形成的资金成本约束。接下来全球资产定价的核心,将逐渐集中于「通胀是否持续降温」与「财政供给是否推高长期利率」两股力量的拉锯。对于比特币等高波动资产而言,短期仍需关注美元流动性与美债长端收益率,而非仅仅观察美联储政策利率本身。
Disclaimer: The views above are the author's only and do not represent 711BTC. Nothing here constitutes investment advice.

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